goniometry

My first practical exam for kinesiology is Wednesday. I will be tested on 3 bony palpations, 3 active ROM goniometry, 1 passive ROM goniometry, and 1 documentation.



This is a list of bony structures we learned to palpate:

1. clavicle
2. spine of scapula
3. medial and lateral border of scapula
4. superior and inferior angle of scapula
5. acromion
6. acromioclavicular joint
7. corocoid process
8. greater and lesser tuberosity of humerus
9. bicipital groove of humerus
10. sternal notch
11. manubrium
12. medial and lateral epicondyle of humerus
13. olecranon fossa
14. ulnar ridge
15. ulnar styloid process
16. radial head
17. radial styloid
18. capitate

Testing shoulder range of motion (ROM) at the glenohumeral joint:

1. flexion
2. extension
3. abduction
4. abduction with external rotation
5. external rotation
6. internal rotation

Testing elbow ROM at elbow joint:

1. extension to flexion

Testing forearm ROM:

1. supination
2. pronation

Testing wrist ROM:

1. flexion
2. extension
3. radial deviation
4. ulnar deviation

The biggest problem I'm having with using a goniometer is when I'm measuring passive ROM (patient's limb is moved by therapist). Actually, I feel the entire science of goniometry is looking for a ballpark range. I measure the same person twice and can get two different measurements. It doesn't seem to be an exact science, which makes me a bit nervous concerning the test.